18 Ventôse
An CCXXXIV
Thermidor
Thermidor is a month of the Republican Calendar. The term, however, refers above all to the end of the radical phase of the French Revolution. On 9 Thermidor of Year II (27 July 1794), Robespierre was overthrown and executed the following day along with his supporters. The Thermidorian Reaction then prevailed: social legislation was repealed, the Jacobin Club was dissolved, and former terrorists were deported or executed. A final popular uprising failed in Prairial of Year III (May 1795). The Muscadins and Incroyables, fashionable street gangs aligned with the Thermidorians, hunted down the remaining Robespierrists. In the end, the deputies of the National Convention adopted a new constitution establishing a Directory as the governing body, in order to secure the achievements of the Revolution for the upper bourgeoisie.
JK
1794 - 1795
- July 27, 1794 · 9 Thermidor. Uprising of the National Convention against Robespierre. He is prevented from speaking and arrested together with four other deputies.
- July 28, 1794 · Execution of Robespierre and his supporters.
- August 24, 1794 · The Convention distributes executive powers among sixteen committees. This fragmentation of governmental authority strengthens the power of Parliament once again.
- November 12, 1794 · Closure of the Jacobin Club.
- December 1794 · Repeal of the Law of the Maximum, which had set price ceilings for consumer goods.
- April 1, 1795 · The Germinal uprising against the Thermidorian Convention fails.
- May 20, 1795 · Suppression of the popular uprising of 1 Prairial.
- August 22, 1795 · The Convention adopts the Constitution of Year III.
- October 26, 1795 · Final session of the National Convention.
Quotes
The head of the conspirators has fallen! Let us join our fellow citizens and share in the general joy. The day of a tyrant’s death is a festival of fraternity!
Tallien before the Convention, after the execution of Robespierre, 28 July 1794.
We want to surprise the wild beast in its lair.
Fréron, when he sent his gangs against the Jacobins, 11 November 1794.
Bread and the Constitution of 1793!
Demand of the insurgents of 1 Prairial, Year III (20 May 1795), when they stormed the Thermidorian Convention.
The Muscadins beat up a Jacobin.
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