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Gracchus Babeuf

Gracchus BabeufBabeuf chose the first name Gracchus in reference to Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus, the Roman brothers who had fought for social reforms. But Babeuf wanted more than reforms — he aimed for a new revolution. He devised a plan to overthrow the bourgeois Directory. His Conspiracy of the Equals attracted many supporters, but it was poorly organized. The government knew about it from the start and simply waited for the right moment to arrest as many conspirators as possible. The trial brought together 47 defendants. Babeuf won the sympathy of the audience — his speeches were often greeted with applause. Yet because he demanded a republic founded on equality, the bourgeois republic condemned him to death.
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1760 - 1797

Signature of Gracchus Babeuf

Quotes

No one can exclusively appropriate the goods of the earth or of industry without being a criminal.
Gracchus Babeuf

The tribune of the people is free. The government was clumsy enough to release him. The consequences of their folly will soon be revealed.
Babeuf after his release from prison, 6 November 1795

This trial is the trial of the French Revolution. The fate of the Republic depends on its outcome.
Babeuf before the court in Vendôme, May 1797

External links

Wikipedia: Gracchus Babeuf

Le Moniteur

Duodi, 12 prairial, l'an 5 de la République Française une et indivisible

→ gallica.bnf.fr



Allegory of the suppression of the Conspiracy of the Equals, 1796

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Manifesto of the Equals




People of France!

For fifteen hundred years you lived in bondage – and thus in misery. For six years you have barely drawn breath, hoping for independence, happiness, and equality.

Equality! The first law of nature, the deepest need of man, and the sacred bond of every just society!

We are all equal, are we not? This principle is unshakable. Only a madman would claim it is night while the sun is shining.

Therefore we demand: from now on we wish to live and die as equals, just as we were born equal. We demand true equality – or death. That is our unyielding will.

People of France!

The French Revolution was only the prelude to a greater, more solemn revolution – and it will be the last.

The people have swept away the kings and priests who conspired against them. Likewise, they will sweep away the new tyrants and political hypocrites who have taken their place.

Henceforth there shall be no distinctions among men except those of age and gender. Since all share the same needs and abilities, there shall be only one education and one bread for all.

The aristocratic constitutions of 1791 and 1795 only tightened your chains instead of breaking them. The constitution of 1793 was a mighty step toward true equality; never had the goal been so near. Yet even it fell short and failed to lead the people to the common happiness it so solemnly proclaimed.

People of France!

Open your eyes and hearts to the fullness of happiness. Recognize it – and proclaim with us the Republic of Equals.

Jan Knupper 2025/2026 | CCXXXIII/CCXXXIV